Mojinzhong

01 · Lineage & Regional School

Mojinzhong, Male, Daur, from Qiqihaer, Heilongjiang, is a fifth-batch national representative bearer of Daur Folk Songs (Ⅱ-108). The tradition is documented in Qiqihaer, Heilongjiang. Within the regional tradition and school record of Daur Folk Songs in Qiqihaer, Heilongjiang: Hanbodai Daur folk songs are transmitted mainly in Hanbodai Village and neighbouring villages of Durmenqin Daur Ethnic Township, Fularji District, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province. According to the "Fularji Gazetteer", when Russia invaded in the sixth year of Shunzhi of the Qing dynasty (1649), Daur people living on the north bank of the Nen River migrated in large numbers to Fularji, settled in what is now Durmenqin Township and formed a settlement of some size, and Hanbodai Village is the village where Daur people gathered. Local folk songs are sung in the Daur language and make frequent use of refrain words in repeated singing. According to the Fularji gazetteer, when Russia invaded in the sixth year of Shunzhi of the Qing dynasty (1649), Daur people living on the north bank of the Nen River began migrating in large numbers to Fularji and settled in what is now Durmenqin Township, forming a settlement of some size, and Hanbodai Village is the village where Daur people gathered.

02 · Mastery & Signature Works

Male, Daur ethnicity, born in October 1937 in Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province. Influenced by his family from childhood, he learned traditional folk songs from his elders and sings with a deep grounding in traditional Daur culture. In 2011 he opened a training class in Daur folk songs, which more than two hundred people have since attended. In his eighties he can still sing the several hundred Zhaendal mountain songs and short tunes he has mastered, accompanying himself on the four-string fiddle. Within the documented technical tradition of Daur Folk Songs in Qiqihaer, Heilongjiang: Daur means "pioneers". The Daur people live mainly in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Heilongjiang Province, with a few in Tacheng City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Daur folk music takes forms such as mountain songs, antiphonal singing and dance lyrics, and is distinguished by passionate and unrestrained melodies, subtle and varied expression, marked rhythm and strict metre. Hanbodai Daur folk songs are a form of music full of Daur ethnic character, transmitted mainly in Hanbodai Village and neighbouring villages of Durmenqin Daur Ethnic Township, Fularji District, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province. In long-term production and life the Daur people of Hanbodai created a large number of folk songs. Hanbodai Daur folk songs fully reflect the true conditions of the production and life of local Daur people, and their subjects and content involve nature, labour, love, marriage and funerals, festival celebrations, traditional education and other aspects. Their singing forms include solo, chorus, antiphonal singing and song with dance. When sung, the rhythm is marked, the manner combines strength and softness, the delivery is passionate and unrestrained, and refrain words are frequently used in repeated singing, giving them a strong untouched-original character. Representative works of Hanbodai Daur folk songs include "Yingshanhonghua Manshanpo", "Mama de Zhufu", "Yingxiong de Cunzhuang", "Duige" and "Kouti Gege", of which more than thirty have now been translated and produced. Representative repertoire, works and technical entries recorded for the project include: "Yingshanhonghua Manshanpo": Representative works of Hanbodai Daur folk songs include "Yingshanhonghua Manshanpo", "Mama de Zhufu", "Yingxiong de Cunzhuang", "Duige" and "Kouti Gege", of which more than thirty have now been translated and produced. "Mama de Zhufu": Representative works of Hanbodai Daur folk songs include "Yingshanhonghua Manshanpo", "Mama de Zhufu", "Yingxiong de Cunzhuang", "Duige" and "Kouti Gege", of which more than thirty have now been translated and produced. "Yingxiong de Cunzhuang": Representative works of Hanbodai Daur folk songs include "Yingshanhonghua Manshanpo", "Mama de Zhufu", "Yingxiong de Cunzhuang", "Duige" and "Kouti Gege", of which more than thirty have now been translated and produced. "Duige": Representative works of Hanbodai Daur folk songs include "Yingshanhonghua Manshanpo", "Mama de Zhufu", "Yingxiong de Cunzhuang", "Duige" and "Kouti Gege", of which more than thirty have now been translated and produced.

03 · Transmission & Safeguarding Status

National representative bearer of Daur Folk Songs (Hanbodai Daur Folk Songs), a fifth-batch national intangible cultural heritage project. In 1958, after his self-written one-act play The People's Commune Is Good won an award at a regional farmers' artistic performance, his singing moved from private amusement onto various performance stages.

04 · Associated Heritage Item Dossier

05 · Fellow National Bearers Lineage

National representative bearers recorded under the same item code, ordered from the first to the sixth batch. Batch order is not a teacher–student relationship.

06 · Archival Sources & Bibliography

1. Mojinzhong · National Representative Bearer Archive