Naidaiwuma
01 · Lineage & Regional School
Her skills were handed down within the family. From childhood she studied with her grandmother Wulandudai, her father Aoma and her mother Haria, and she can perform the twelve classic plucking techniques and pieces of the Tobshuur with assurance. Within the regional tradition and school record of Mongolian Tuobuxiuer Music in Boertalamengguzizhi, Xinjiang: Mongolian tuobuxiuer music took shape in the long history of the Dzungar, the Chahar who migrated westward and the Torghut who returned east; it is a musical variety with a distinctive regional style, inseparable from the labour and life of the Mongols of Bortala, current mainly in the Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture and the Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and in other Mongol residential areas of Xinjiang. Mongolian tuobuxiuer music arose around the 12th century CE and has been passed down to the present through family and master-apprentice transmission, deeply shaping the cultural life of the Mongols in Xinjiang.
02 · Mastery & Signature Works
Female, of Mongolian ethnicity, born in June 1938 in Bole City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Her playing is highly accomplished and fluent, and she enjoys wide renown and influence among the people of Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture. She has taken part in numerous large and small artistic performances both within and beyond Xinjiang, and has recorded a feature program for Xinjiang People's Radio Station. She has also been involved in the discussion, planning and staging of Tobshuur musical theatre productions. The Tobshuur suites she performs were included in the record Bole Shengyun: Selected Xinjiang Mongolian Short-Tune Folk Songs and Tobshuur Music, released by the Inner Mongolia Cultural Audio-Visual Publishing House. Within the documented technical tradition of Mongolian Tuobuxiuer Music in Boertalamengguzizhi, Xinjiang: The tuobuxiuer is an ancient plucked string instrument. Mongolian tuobuxiuer music has lively tunes, beautiful melodies, a strong sense of rhythm and varied modes of expression. Twelve pieces are preserved intact today, namely "Sawurden", "Haiden Sawurden", "Sawurden Dingding", "Zaogesa Sawurden", "Xuewai Taleteng", "Tuoerlege", "Sohor Kushun", "Orgetek", "Baljin Kail", "Jorhal", "Yudanxia" and "Ailedu Daileidu". Some portray the traits of a character's personality, such as "Sohor Kushun"; some depict animal images, such as "Jorhal" and "Orgetek"; others describe legendary stories and ballads. The plucking techniques of the tuobuxiuer are closely bound to its principal function as dance accompaniment, forming a style that fuses music and dance. Different techniques produce different rhythms, and different rhythms call forth different dance movements. The pieces comprise twelve different rhythmic types, most of them in 2/4 metre, and they share one common feature — agility and strength. Highly skilled tuobuxiuer players can place the body of the instrument against the chest, the back, the shoulder, the hip and other positions, performing for the audience as they play; some fit wooden models of animals such as the field mouse, sheep, horse and camel over the fingers of the right hand, so that they swing to and fro with the rhythm of the piece, making different movements and producing different tunes. Representative repertoire, works and technical entries recorded for the project include: "Sawurden": One of the twelve tuobuxiuer pieces preserved intact today. "Haiden Sawurden": One of the twelve tuobuxiuer pieces preserved intact today. "Sohor Kushun": One of the twelve tuobuxiuer pieces, of the kind that portrays the traits of a character's personality. "Jorhal": One of the twelve tuobuxiuer pieces, of the kind that depicts animal images.
Sawurden
One of the twelve tuobuxiuer pieces preserved intact today.
Haiden Sawurden
One of the twelve tuobuxiuer pieces preserved intact today.
Sohor Kushun
One of the twelve tuobuxiuer pieces, of the kind that portrays the traits of a character's personality.
Jorhal
One of the twelve tuobuxiuer pieces, of the kind that depicts animal images.
03 · Transmission & Safeguarding Status
Representative bearer of Mongolian Tobshuur Music, a fifth-batch national intangible cultural heritage project. She teaches at four Tobshuur transmission centres in the urban districts and townships of Bole City, where she has trained more than two hundred students.
04 · Associated Heritage Item Dossier
Historical origin
Mongolian tuobuxiuer music arose around the 12th century CE and has been passed down to the present through family and master-apprentice transmission, deeply shaping the cultural life of the Mongols in Xinjiang.
05 · Fellow National Bearers Lineage
National representative bearers recorded under the same item code, ordered from the first to the sixth batch. Batch order is not a teacher–student relationship.
| Bearer | Declared area | Roster code | Relation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Naidaiwuma | Boertalamengguzizhi, Xinjiang | 05-2181 | This page |
06 · Archival Sources & Bibliography
This static English edition is rendered at the edge for search engines, AI crawlers and readers without JavaScript. Compiled from official national representative bearer archival records and the associated project dossier, organized by topic and translated into English. 阅读中文版。