Shandong Bangzi
01 · Historical Records
Shandong Bangzi, also known as "Gaodiao Bangzi" and abbreviated as "Gaodiao", has a history of more than four hundred years. It originated in the bangzi vocal style of the Shaanxi-Shanxi region; when the bangzi crossed the Taihang Mountains into Shandong, it first spread to Heze, forming Caozhou Bangzi, and then moved east, forming Wenshang Bangzi. After the 1950s, traditional plays such as "The Wall Record" and "Lianglang Mountain" were edited and adapted into classic plays of the Shandong Bangzi repertoire, and a number of newly created modern plays also took the stage in this period.
02 · Core Techniques & Process
Shandong Bangzi has an extremely wide area of circulation: east to Linyi on the banks of the Yellow River, west to Kaifeng and Zhengzhou in Henan Province, south to Xuzhou in Jiangsu Province and Fuyang and Bengbu in Anhui Province, and north to Daming County and Shijiazhuang in Hebei Province. Within Shandong Province, Shandong Bangzi is centered on Heze City and extends across Jining, Tai'an and other counties and cities. The vocal music of Shandong Bangzi belongs to the banqiang (ban-style) system, with complex ban patterns and tune patterns. Its singing is both vivid and accessible, with stylistic features of being high-pitched and bold, vigorous and stirring, graceful and harmonious, and open and bright. Its performance conventions are rich yet standardized, with attention to technique, rugged movements and exaggerated postures; the performance of each role type has its own distinctive character, competing in skill and ingenuity in a dazzling display. The Shandong Bangzi repertoire amounts to more than a thousand plays, of which more than six hundred are frequently staged; these include a body of basic plays known as the "Old Eighteen Texts", the "Seventeen Mountains" and the "Twelve Passes", their content largely drawn from folk legends and historical stories.
Qiangtou Ji (The Wall Record)
After the 1950s, traditional plays such as "The Wall Record" and "Lianglang Mountain" were edited and adapted into classic plays of the Shandong Bangzi repertoire, and a number of newly created modern plays also took the stage in this period.
Lianglang Mountain
After the 1950s, traditional plays such as "The Wall Record" and "Lianglang Mountain" were edited and adapted into classic plays of the Shandong Bangzi repertoire, and a number of newly created modern plays also took the stage in this period.
03 · Regional Records & Related Items
After crossing the Taihang Mountains into Shandong, Shandong Bangzi formed Caozhou Bangzi and, moving further east, also formed the Wenshang Bangzi line, with Tai'an lying within the area of distribution of the Wenshang line. The Tai'an line's singing is both vivid and accessible, combining the features of being high-pitched and bold with being open and bright; the local troupes originally performed Yuju (Henan opera) and later switched to singing Shandong Bangzi. The representative inheritor Hao Ruizhi taught in Tai'an over many years and trained nearly ten disciples; together with the troupes in Heze, Jining, Jiaxiang and other places, they form the performance network of Shandong Bangzi within the province.
Other submitting regions for the same item: Shandong Bangzi · Shandong Bangzi.
04 · Cultural Value & Contemporary Safeguarding
Hao Ruizhi (from the official archive record of the associated inheritor): Female, Han ethnicity, born in February 1936, a native of Tai'an City, Shandong Province. National first-class actress and an expert in receipt of the special government allowance of the State Council. In 1953 she joined the Tai'an Yuju (Henan opera) Troupe; after the Tai'an Yuju Troupe was reorganized into a Shandong Bangzi troupe, she switched to singing Shandong Bangzi and took the famous Shandong Bangzi actor Song Yushan (stage name Lileng) as her teacher. Her singing has a beautiful timbre, high and bright; her recitation is clear and fluent in diction, and her melodic phrasing is graceful and lingering. She has a dignified stage presence and a delicate performance, and is skilled at using singing to shape characters and express their inner feelings. Her representative plays include "The Tale of Chunhyang", "Panfu Suofu", "Autumn River" and "He Hou Scolds the Palace". She once exchanged performance skills with such masters as Mei Lanfang and Chang Xiangyu. She attached importance to the transmission of Shandong Bangzi and trained nearly ten students, all of whom achieved excellent results in the performing art of Shandong Bangzi. She is a representative inheritor of Shandong Bangzi, a project in the third batch of national-level intangible cultural heritage. She has received numerous awards and, in 1989, was commended by circular of the People's Government of Shandong Province.
05 · Associated Representative Bearers
Representative bearers recorded under this item, organized by national nomination batch:
- Liu Guisong 03-1133
- Hao Ruizhi 03-1134
- Kairuibao 03-1135
- Du Yuzhen 05-2450
- Zhu Fengchen 05-2451
- Yang Shengjun
- Zhang Yuyong
- Li Hong
06 · Authoritative Sources & Bibliography
Sources
China Intangible Cultural Heritage Network (ihchina.cn)
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