Jiayazangzuzhitanjiyi
01 · Historical Records
Jiaya Tibetan rugs belong to the Amdo branch of the Tibetan region, and their history is closely related to the rhythms of pastoral life and the spread of Tibetan Buddhism. The region where the craft is transmitted lies in the birthplace of Tibetan Buddhism; this folk handicraft has formed an indissoluble bond with Buddhist culture, and the patterns and colors on the rugs therefore carry a clear coloration of faith. Although both Amdo and Kham produce Tibetan rugs, they follow different paths: the Kham Tibetan region (Yushu area) has preserved the traditional weaving techniques of Tibetan rugs more fully, while the Amdo Tibetan region fuses Tibetan and Han culture in its pattern design, with ingenious conceptions, harmonious color tones and a distinctive style. The rug weaving around Jiaya Village follows the latter path; its finished products serve both as everyday household items for herding families and as goods needed by monasteries and for gift-giving. Jiaya Tibetan rugs are highly particular from the selection of natural raw materials to the execution of the weaving process. The materials come from naturally pastured Tibetan sheep wool, cashmere, yak down and camel wool, and the rugs are made through low-temperature yarn dyeing and low-temperature washing. This approach, which applies no chemical color-fixing, gives the rug surface brilliant colors, good elasticity and freedom from fading and hair loss, meeting people's need for a healthy life. Viewed from the genealogy of transmission, the Jiaya Tibetan rug-weaving technique of the Yang family has a history of more than two hundred years and has long been renowned in the Tibetan region; its one-flagpole horse-saddle blanket and camel round-saddle techniques have become the family's unique heirloom skills. That the techniques and unique skills have remained together within a single family is the direct reason this craft has been able to continue to the present.
02 · Core Techniques & Process
Tibetan rugs are traditional hand-woven products of the Tibetan people of Qinghai. Through more than three thousand years of transmission, Qinghai has gradually formed a Tibetan rug-weaving industry with local characteristics. For historical and geographical reasons, the Amdo and Kham Tibetan regions differ in the weaving techniques and pattern design of Tibetan rugs. The Kham Tibetan region (Yushu area) has preserved the traditional weaving techniques of Tibetan rugs more fully, while the Amdo Tibetan region fuses Tibetan and Han culture in its pattern design, with ingenious conceptions, harmonious color tones and a distinctive style. Tibetan sheep wool is a raw material recognized worldwide as of fine quality for rug weaving. The yaks of the Qinghai-Tibet region account for two-thirds of the world's yaks in number, and their down hair is thick with good luster. The raw materials of Jiaya Tibetan rugs come from naturally pastured Tibetan sheep wool, cashmere, yak down and camel wool; through process steps such as low-temperature yarn dyeing and low-temperature washing, the finished products have the fine qualities of brilliant color, good elasticity and freedom from fading and hair loss. Jiaya Tibetan rugs come in many varieties: fourteen series and more than seventy varieties, woven with the interlocking-knot method; the rug surface is relatively thick, about 15 millimeters or more, while retaining the traditional Tibetan rug characteristic of unwrapped edges. The region where the Tibetan rug craft is transmitted lies in the birthplace of Tibetan Buddhism; this folk handicraft has formed an indissoluble bond with Buddhist culture. Jiaya Tibetan rugs are highly particular from the selection of natural raw materials to the execution of the weaving process, which gives them a natural and environmentally friendly quality, meets people's need for a healthy life, and makes them much loved.
Archival Records of Process Steps
The raw materials of Jiaya Tibetan rugs come from naturally pastured Tibetan sheep wool, cashmere, yak down and camel wool; through process steps such as low-temperature yarn dyeing and low-temperature washing, the finished products have the fine qualities of brilliant color, good elasticity and freedom from fading and hair loss.
03 · Regional Records & Related Items
Jiaya Tibetan rugs belong to the Amdo Tibetan rug type. Their main production areas are distributed over Jiaya Village in Huangzhong County, 26 kilometers from Xining City, and Shangxinzhang, as well as the Tibetan settlement areas of the Yushu, Hainan, Haibei and Golog Tibetan autonomous prefectures, and Guide, Ping'an, Ledu and Huangyuan counties around Xining.
04 · Cultural Value & Contemporary Safeguarding
In this light, Jiaya Tibetan rugs possess extremely high artistic value, historical and cultural value, practical value and commercial value. Yang Yongliang (recorded in the official archive of the associated inheritor): Male, Han ethnicity, born in 1962, from Xining, Qinghai. Representative inheritor of the Jiaya Tibetan rug-weaving technique, a national-level intangible cultural heritage project in the first national-level batch. The Yang family's Jiaya Tibetan rug-weaving technique has been transmitted for more than two hundred years and has long been renowned in the Tibetan region. The Yang family's Jiaya Tibetan rugs are made entirely of naturally pastured Qinghai Tibetan sheep wool; they do not fade or shed, and are sturdy, wear-resistant, moisture-proof and heat-retaining. Yang Yongliang learned rug-weaving from his family from childhood; from the age of fifteen he could independently complete the entire set of processes from yarn twisting, collecting dye materials and dyeing yarn to laying the warp and weaving the various patterns. When making them he uses no drawings, combining freely as he wishes, with consummate skill. He has now not only mastered all the processes and pattern-making of Jiaya Tibetan rugs, but has also made improvements on the basis of the inherited craft, making it more suitable for producing large rugs. The Tibetan one-flagpole horse-saddle blanket and camel round-saddle techniques mastered by the Yang brothers have become the family's unique heirloom skills; his wife and daughter have inherited the Yang family's Jiaya Tibetan rug-weaving technique.
05 · Associated Representative Bearers
Representative bearers recorded under this item, organized by national nomination batch:
- Yang Yongliang 01-0141
06 · Authoritative Sources & Bibliography
Sources
China Intangible Cultural Heritage Network (ihchina.cn)
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