Chuida
01 · Historical Records
The Jinqiao suona-and-percussion music of Wansheng district is the folk suona-and-percussion genre of Jinqiao town in Wansheng district, Chongqing; it arose in the Song and Yuan periods and has a history of more than seven hundred years. Its most striking characteristic technique is the “Ma Feng Sheng”, the sound of horse wind, created by Liu Duoer in the Qing; over more than two hundred years and through five generations, among them Liu Hanqing, Xiang Yiyun, Xiang Ziqin and Weng Qinghua, the technique of “Ma Feng Sheng” has steadily matured.
02 · Core Techniques & Process
Jinqiao now has more than seventy music bands and more than eight hundred musicians. Through long transmission Jinqiao chuida has formed such categories as the celebratory, the work and daily life, the funeral and the folk legend, with qupai such as Hua Deng, Da Qu Pai, Chao Pai and Gong Tang, and such performing techniques as pin dao, diao dao, san dao, gan dao, jia dao, diao san dao, bamboo-leaf playing and whistling; its repertory reaches more than one thousand pieces. Jinqiao chuida is marked by a wide range, great volume, heavy force, a bright timbre and strong penetrating power. In performance the high suona sounds like the neighing of a horse, and the drums give forth a “de ge dou” like the striking of hooves; when the piece reaches its climax the neighing and the hoofbeats resonate together, evoking a galloping host of horses, and hence there formed the “Ma Feng Sheng” school, famed far and wide. Jinqiao chuida has won prizes many times in performance competitions in Sichuan province and Chongqing city; the Chongqing Municipal Cultural Bureau named Jinqiao town the “Home of Suona-and-Percussion Music”, and Jinqiao chuida is one of the “Ten Great Folk Arts of Bayu”.
Ma Feng Sheng
The characteristic technique created by Liu Duoer in the Qing: the high suona sounds like the neighing of a horse, the drums give forth a “de ge dou” like the striking of hooves, and when the piece reaches its climax the neighing and the hoofbeats resonate together, evoking a galloping host of horses.
Hua Deng
One of the representative qupai of Jinqiao chuida, used mainly on celebratory occasions.
Da Qu Pai
One of the representative qupai of Jinqiao chuida; it is of great length and of complete structure.
Chao Pai
One of the representative qupai of Jinqiao chuida, used mainly on ceremonial occasions.
Gong Tang
One of the representative qupai of Jinqiao chuida.
03 · Regional Records & Related Items
Jinqiao chuida circulates in the area of Jinqiao town in Wansheng district, Chongqing; it arose in the Song and Yuan periods and now has more than seventy music bands and more than eight hundred musicians, is divided into the celebratory, the work and daily life, the funeral and the folk legend categories, and has qupai such as Hua Deng, Da Qu Pai, Chao Pai and Gong Tang together with performing techniques such as pin dao, diao dao, san dao, gan dao, jia dao, diao san dao, bamboo-leaf playing and whistling, its repertory reaching more than one thousand pieces. Its most striking characteristic technique is the “Ma Feng Sheng” created by Liu Duoer in the Qing, which matured over more than two hundred years of development through five generations, among them Liu Hanqing, Xiang Yiyun, Xiang Ziqin and Weng Qinghua; the Chongqing Municipal Cultural Bureau named Jinqiao town the “Home of Suona-and-Percussion Music”.
Other submitting regions for the same item: Chuida · Chuida.
04 · Cultural Value & Contemporary Safeguarding
At present the accomplished suona-and-percussion musicians of Jinqiao town are growing old and passing away one after another, young people taking part in chuida are steadily fewer, some supreme techniques are hard to hand on, and both the Jielong chuida and Jinqiao chuida are endangered and urgently need rescue and protection. Zhang Dengyang (as recorded in the official dossier of an associated inheritor): male, Han, born in 1963, a native of Chongqing. Representative inheritor of chuida (Jinqiao chuida) in the second national-level batch of intangible cultural heritage projects. His method of breathing in suona playing is distinctive and he handles suona-and-percussion performance with ease; he has taken part many times in national, provincial and municipal performances and won prizes, and his representative pieces are Jiu Liu Xing, Ji Gong Diao and others.
05 · Associated Representative Bearers
Representative bearers recorded under this item, organized by national nomination batch:
- Tang Youlun 02-0296
- Zhang Dengyang 02-0297
- Li Zichun 03-0845
06 · Authoritative Sources & Bibliography
Sources
China Intangible Cultural Heritage Network (ihchina.cn)
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