Dingriluoxie
01 · Historical Records
It originated as a folk dance of the Tibet region and is said to have a history of more than six hundred years; it is widely transmitted within Dingri County of the Tibet Autonomous Region.
02 · Core Techniques & Process
Dingri Luoxie is a comprehensive art form integrating song, dance, music and plucked-sung performance; it is a product of the production and life of the Tibetan people, such as herding, tilling and offering sacrifices to the sky. “Luoxie” means southern songs in Tibetan, while “xie” refers broadly to song and dance. Dingri Luoxie has a long history, rich content and a distinctive performing style. Dingri Luoxie combines singing and dancing: in performance the men play instruments such as the zhainan lute and the sanchian fiddle as they sing, while the women link arms and step-singing beat time on the ground; men and women form separate groups, singing in antiphon, one voice rising as another falls. The movements of the whole performance are flowing and free, the melodies beautiful and the tunes plain and simple, presenting a marked regional style.
The Xegar Lokshe troupe
The troupe around Xegar is the county's leading bearer; the inheritor Ozhur joined in 2001 and teaches in schools and the county art troupe.
Zhanian, three-string lute and fiddle
Men sing to the zhanian and three-string lute, and the inheritor also commands six-string plucking, three-string fiddle and traditional drumming.
Linked arms, stepping the beat
The women link arms and tread the ground for the beat while the two groups alternate in call and response, the whole flowing smoothly with plaintive melodies.
Pasture, field and sky offering
A product of herding, farming and sky-offering life some six hundred years old, it preserves old folk forms while absorbing influences from many directions.
Teaching voice and instrument together
Voice and instrument are inseparable; transmitters teach dance, singing and playing as separate skills to keep the composite form alive.
03 · Regional Records & Related Items
Dingri Luoxie is widely transmitted within Dingri County, and the performance troupe around Xiegeer is the most influential; “luoxie” means southern songs in Tibetan, and “xie” refers broadly to song and dance. In performance men and women form separate groups; the men play the zhainan lute and the sanchian fiddle, while the women link arms and step-sing, beating the ground with their feet, asking and answering one another, one rising as another falls. It is both a product of the production and life of the Tibetan people, such as herding, tilling and offering sacrifices to the sky, and it has also absorbed nourishment from the song and dance of the Ü-Tsang areas; according to the inheritor’s file, the artist Ouzhu began learning Luoxie from the elders of his family at the age of twelve, mastering both the dance art and the vocal style, as well as the playing of the six-string lute, the bowing of the sanchian hu and traditional drum beating; he joined the Xiegeer Luoxie performance troupe in 2001 and has won prizes repeatedly.
04 · Cultural Value & Contemporary Safeguarding
Dingri Luoxie inherits the form of Tibetan folk song-and-dance art and at the same time is deeply influenced by plural cultures, forming into an ethnic dance with a strong local character; it has research value in art, history, culture and other fields. At present this traditional folk dance faces a shortage of successors under the impact of modern culture and is in urgent need of protection. Ouzhu (as recorded in the official file of the associated inheritor): male, of Tibetan ethnicity, born in July 1981, a native of Dinggye County, Tibet Autonomous Region. At twelve he began to learn Luoxie song and dance from the elders of his family. He has thoroughly mastered the dance art and vocal style of Luoxie and such instruments as the six-string lute, the sanchian hu and traditional drums. He joined the Xiegeer Luoxie performance troupe in 2001 and has taken part in performances and won prizes many times. Representative inheritor of the fifth-batch national-level intangible cultural heritage project Dingri Luoxie. He is devoted to protecting and inheriting fine folk song and dance, and has collected a large amount of historical material relating to Luoxie. In his spare time he goes to schools and to the county folk art troupe to teach Luoxie song and dance, and has trained a large number of young people who love Luoxie.
05 · Associated Representative Bearers
Representative bearers recorded under this item, organized by national nomination batch:
- Ouzhu 05-2278
06 · Authoritative Sources & Bibliography
Sources
China Intangible Cultural Heritage Network (ihchina.cn)
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