Zhang Kexue
01 · Lineage & Regional School
Zhang Kexue, Male, Han, from Laiwu, Shandong, is a sixth-batch national representative bearer of Laiwubangzi (Ⅳ-119). The tradition is documented in Laiwu, Shandong. Within the regional tradition and school record of Laiwubangzi in Laiwu, Shandong: The genre's formation is captured in the arrival of the Anhui Hui-opera troupe Laoyangchun at Xiazhang in Tai'an and its fusion with the bangzi tunes long since come to south-western Shandong under the influence of the local dialect. Drawing on the Shandong volume of the Annals of Chinese Xiqu and local Laiwu materials, Laiwu bangzi originated in the Tai-Yi mountains; in the last years of the Qianlong reign the famous Anhui Hui-opera troupe Laoyangchun, following the route the Hui troupes took to Beijing, went north and settled at Xiazhang in Tai'an, so that Hui opera flowed into Shandong and gradually fused with the bangzi tunes long since come to south-western Shandong (locally called “native bangzi”), forming Laiwu bangzi under the influence of the local dialect and other factors.
02 · Mastery & Signature Works
The bearer record for Zhang Kexue is anchored in the documented technical standards of Laiwubangzi in Laiwu, Shandong. Within the documented technical tradition of Laiwubangzi in Laiwu, Shandong: Laiwu bangzi is an ancient local genre of Shandong, originating in the Tai-Yi mountains and popular through central and eastern Shandong, with a history of more than two hundred years. Its singing music belongs to the banqiang system, its main ban styles divided into four kinds, “slow ban”, “liushui ban”, “bangzi xi” and “sanban”, with more than a hundred qupai besides, its content very rich. It has rich repertory resources, with four hundred and seventy-nine performing plays in all: before the founding of New China the traditional repertory had reached three hundred and twenty-three, of which, besides a hundred and seventy-three bangzi plays, more than a hundred were of lao xipi, lao erhuang, lao pihuang, luantan, bozi, luoluo, Kun opera, tanhuang and ditties; after the founding of New China fifty-four traditional plays were adapted and transplanted and a hundred and two modern plays created and transplanted, a rich gathering and a grand spectacle. Representative repertoire, works and technical entries recorded for the project include: "The Total Repertory (Four Hundred and Seventy-Nine Plays)": Laiwu bangzi has four hundred and seventy-nine performing plays in all, including three hundred and twenty-three traditional plays before 1949, fifty-four adapted and transplanted traditional plays and a hundred and two created and transplanted modern plays. "Slow Ban, Liushui Ban, Bangzi Xi, Sanban": The main ban styles of Laiwu bangzi's singing music, with more than a hundred qupai besides. "The Fisherman": A large modern play planned and guided by the inheritor, winning the seventh excellent-works award of the publicity department of the Shandong party committee. "The Hot-Water Bag and the Back-Scratcher": An operatic sketch planned and guided by the inheritor in 2010, winning the fifteenth Qunxing Award.
The Total Repertory (Four Hundred and Seventy-Nine Plays)
Laiwu bangzi has four hundred and seventy-nine performing plays in all, including three hundred and twenty-three traditional plays before 1949, fifty-four adapted and transplanted traditional plays and a hundred and two created and transplanted modern plays.
Slow Ban, Liushui Ban, Bangzi Xi, Sanban
The main ban styles of Laiwu bangzi's singing music, with more than a hundred qupai besides.
The Fisherman
A large modern play planned and guided by the inheritor, winning the seventh excellent-works award of the publicity department of the Shandong party committee.
The Hot-Water Bag and the Back-Scratcher
An operatic sketch planned and guided by the inheritor in 2010, winning the fifteenth Qunxing Award.
03 · Transmission & Safeguarding Status
In 2025, Zhang Kexue was announced in the sixth batch of national representative bearers for Laiwubangzi, with Laiwu, Shandong as the declared area. Within the documented safeguarding record of Laiwubangzi in Laiwu, Shandong: The project was inscribed in the national inventory in 2008 (batch 2), with Laiwu, Shandong as its declared area, and Jinan Laiwu Bangzi Art Transmission Safeguarding Center (Laiwu Bangzi Troupe) as its safeguarding unit. Since the project was inscribed in the national inventory, its declared area and safeguarding unit have carried out documentation, transmission and presentation within the national safeguarding framework. Together, the inventory record and the project archive form the public documentary basis for the bearer’s transmission practice.
04 · Associated Heritage Item Dossier
Historical origin
Drawing on the Shandong volume of the Annals of Chinese Xiqu and local Laiwu materials, Laiwu bangzi originated in the Tai-Yi mountains; in the last years of the Qianlong reign the famous Anhui Hui-opera troupe Laoyangchun, following the route the Hui troupes took to Beijing, went north and settled at Xiazhang in Tai'an, so that Hui opera flowed into Shandong and gradually fused with the bangzi tunes long since come to south-western Shandong (locally called “native bangzi”), forming Laiwu bangzi under the influence of the local dialect and other factors.
05 · Fellow National Bearers Lineage
National representative bearers recorded under the same item code, ordered from the first to the sixth batch. Batch order is not a teacher–student relationship.
| Bearer | Declared area | Roster code | Relation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Li Changsheng | Laiwu, Shandong | 05-2452 | Same declared area |
| Zhang Kexue | Laiwu, Shandong | — | This page |
06 · Archival Sources & Bibliography
This static English edition is rendered at the edge for search engines, AI crawlers and readers without JavaScript. Compiled from official national representative bearer archival records and the associated project dossier, organized by topic and translated into English. 阅读中文版。