Luxinan Wind and Percussion Music
01 · Historical Records
Luxinan wind and percussion music takes the suona as its leading instrument and is locally known as “chui xiang qi” or “chui wu wa”. Dan County in Shandong Province lies in the southwest of Shandong and borders Jiangsu, Anhui and Henan; within its borders, weddings, funerals, temple fairs and festivals all call on a wind and percussion band to add lustre; the players mostly come from hereditary families, getting together in the slack farming season and moving from village to village; the repertoire is connected with that of the Heze, Juye and Caoxian areas, forming a style that is plain and forthright, bold and vigorous.
02 · Core Techniques & Process
Luxinan wind and percussion music, locally known as “chui xiang qi” or “chui wu wa”, is a form of folk music with the suona as its leading instrument. The accompanying instruments commonly used are the sheng, dizi, bangzi, drum and cymbals; the band generally numbers six to ten people, and besides the traditional suona tune patterns and solo pieces it can also perform some local operas in the form of “ka-xi”. Luxinan wind and percussion music consists of wind instruments and percussion instruments. It is now played chiefly on the suona, accompanied by the sheng, dizi, bangzi and the like. The performance techniques commonly used include harmonics, finger-flower notes, beat notes, cushioning notes, breath-arch notes, breath-propped notes, ornamented notes and slides.
Suona-led wind-and-percussion band
The suona is the leading instrument and the sheng, dizi, bangzi and the like accompany, matched by percussion instruments such as the drum and cymbals; the band generally numbers six to ten people.
Ka-xi opera-voice imitation
The ka-voice of the suona is used to imitate the role types and the sung styles of local operas such as Liuzixi and Shandong Bangzi; this is the local players' stock-in-trade technique.
Wedding and funeral band procedure
The band answers the verbal agreement of the family for weddings, funerals and temple-fair gatherings, choosing the pieces to be played according to the stages of welcoming the bride, offering birthday congratulations, raising the coffin and the roadside offering.
03 · Regional Records & Related Items
It is deeply loved by the people for its high, ringing tone, its sweet timbre, its rich musical expressiveness and its strong local flavour. The wind and percussion bands of Dan County generally number six to ten people; their instruments consist of wind instruments and percussion instruments, played chiefly on the suona and accompanied by the sheng, dizi, bangzi and the like, using techniques such as harmonics, finger-flower notes, beat notes, cushioning notes, breath-arch notes, breath-propped notes, ornamented notes and slides. The bands are handed down mostly through hereditary families, and can also perform ka-xi and imitate the sung styles of local operas such as Liuzixi and Shandong Bangzi.
Other submitting regions for the same item: Luxinan Wind and Percussion Music · Luxinan Wind and Percussion Music · Luxinan Wind and Percussion Music.
04 · Cultural Value & Contemporary Safeguarding
Luxinan wind and percussion music is plain and forthright, bold and vigorous, rich and forceful, yet not without tenderness and lyricism; it has a strong local flavour and high artistic, research and practical value. In recent years, as old artists have died, Luxinan wind and percussion music faces the danger of being lost, and protecting it is now a matter of urgency. The wind and percussion bands of Dan County have long served the local weddings and funerals and the gatherings of temple fairs; the players are paid according to the verbal agreement made with the family whose occasion it is, forming fixed customs for going out to perform and for taking on apprentices. As this entry lacks a verifiable dedicated file for an inheritor, the above is recorded only on the basis of the project's published documentation and of local folk practice. In recent years, as old artists have died one after another and young players have moved to other occupations, the traditional repertoire and the ka-xi skills of the bands have largely been lost, and rescue protection is now urgent.
05 · Associated Representative Bearers
Representative bearers recorded under this item, organized by national nomination batch:
- Yi Shuanglai 02-0287
- Li Guangfu 04-1527
- Chen Jianbin 05-2077
- Zhang Yufang
06 · Authoritative Sources & Bibliography
Sources
China Intangible Cultural Heritage Network (ihchina.cn)
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