Tujia Daliuzi Percussion
01 · Historical Records
Since 1949 the daliuzi has been introduced by national art troupes in turn to the United States, Germany, Poland, Russia and other countries, where it produced a strong reaction and caused a great sensation.
02 · Core Techniques & Process
The Tujia daliuzi is an ancient folk instrumental ensemble that is the most widely circulated in the Tujia area; it has a long history, many tune patterns, consummate technique and rich expressiveness, and is an art form peculiar to the Tujia people. The Tujia daliuzi is closely bound to the life of the Tujia people: Tujia weddings and birthdays cannot do without it, New Year celebrations call for it, and the traditional Tujia Shebari festival in particular is inconceivable without it. A daliuzi band made up of the liuzi gong, the first and second cymbals and the horse gong can fuse the techniques of the various instruments into one and give full play to the performing skill of each instrument. About 100 Tujia liuzi tune patterns survive today; their content falls into three main classes: imitating sound, imitating spirits and imitating meaning. The sound class includes such pieces as Carp Drifting on the Shallows and Wild Geese Flapping Their Wings; the spirit class includes The Little Spinning Wheel and Celebrating the New Year; and the meaning class includes Four Seasons of Prosperity and Guanyin Seated on a Lotus. Besides these there are dozens of representative traditional pieces, including Anqing, Facing the Wind, the Mynah Bathing, the Bush Warbler on the Branch, Two Dragons Emerging from the Cave, Swallows Lining Up, an Old Tree Coiling Its Roots and Twisting the Rice Seedlings. In the instrumental art of China's ethnic minorities, the unique combination and consummate performing technique of the daliuzi form a system of their own and are highly representative.
Liyu Piaotan (Carp Drifting on the Shallows)
The sound class includes such pieces as Carp Drifting on the Shallows and Wild Geese Flapping Their Wings; the spirit class includes The Little Spinning Wheel and Celebrating the New Year; and the meaning class includes Four Seasons of Prosperity and Guanyin Seated on a Lotus. Besides these there are dozens of representative traditional pieces, including Anqing, Facing the Wind, the Mynah Bathing, the Bush Warbler on the Branch, Two Dragons Emerging from the Cave, Swallows Lining Up, an Old Tree Coiling Its Roots and Twisting the Rice Seedlings.
Yan’er Paichi (Wild Geese Flapping Their Wings)
The sound class includes such pieces as Carp Drifting on the Shallows and Wild Geese Flapping Their Wings; the spirit class includes The Little Spinning Wheel and Celebrating the New Year; and the meaning class includes Four Seasons of Prosperity and Guanyin Seated on a Lotus. Besides these there are dozens of representative traditional pieces, including Anqing, Facing the Wind, the Mynah Bathing, the Bush Warbler on the Branch, Two Dragons Emerging from the Cave, Swallows Lining Up, an Old Tree Coiling Its Roots and Twisting the Rice Seedlings.
Xiao Fangche (The Little Spinning Wheel)
The sound class includes such pieces as Carp Drifting on the Shallows and Wild Geese Flapping Their Wings; the spirit class includes The Little Spinning Wheel and Celebrating the New Year; and the meaning class includes Four Seasons of Prosperity and Guanyin Seated on a Lotus. Besides these there are dozens of representative traditional pieces, including Anqing, Facing the Wind, the Mynah Bathing, the Bush Warbler on the Branch, Two Dragons Emerging from the Cave, Swallows Lining Up, an Old Tree Coiling Its Roots and Twisting the Rice Seedlings.
Nao Nian Guan (Celebrating the New Year)
The sound class includes such pieces as Carp Drifting on the Shallows and Wild Geese Flapping Their Wings; the spirit class includes The Little Spinning Wheel and Celebrating the New Year; and the meaning class includes Four Seasons of Prosperity and Guanyin Seated on a Lotus. Besides these there are dozens of representative traditional pieces, including Anqing, Facing the Wind, the Mynah Bathing, the Bush Warbler on the Branch, Two Dragons Emerging from the Cave, Swallows Lining Up, an Old Tree Coiling Its Roots and Twisting the Rice Seedlings.
Siji Facai (Four Seasons of Prosperity)
The sound class includes such pieces as Carp Drifting on the Shallows and Wild Geese Flapping Their Wings; the spirit class includes The Little Spinning Wheel and Celebrating the New Year; and the meaning class includes Four Seasons of Prosperity and Guanyin Seated on a Lotus. Besides these there are dozens of representative traditional pieces, including Anqing, Facing the Wind, the Mynah Bathing, the Bush Warbler on the Branch, Two Dragons Emerging from the Cave, Swallows Lining Up, an Old Tree Coiling Its Roots and Twisting the Rice Seedlings.
Guanyin Zuolian (Guanyin Seated on a Lotus)
The sound class includes such pieces as Carp Drifting on the Shallows and Wild Geese Flapping Their Wings; the spirit class includes The Little Spinning Wheel and Celebrating the New Year; and the meaning class includes Four Seasons of Prosperity and Guanyin Seated on a Lotus. Besides these there are dozens of representative traditional pieces, including Anqing, Facing the Wind, the Mynah Bathing, the Bush Warbler on the Branch, Two Dragons Emerging from the Cave, Swallows Lining Up, an Old Tree Coiling Its Roots and Twisting the Rice Seedlings.
Anqing
The sound class includes such pieces as Carp Drifting on the Shallows and Wild Geese Flapping Their Wings; the spirit class includes The Little Spinning Wheel and Celebrating the New Year; and the meaning class includes Four Seasons of Prosperity and Guanyin Seated on a Lotus. Besides these there are dozens of representative traditional pieces, including Anqing, Facing the Wind, the Mynah Bathing, the Bush Warbler on the Branch, Two Dragons Emerging from the Cave, Swallows Lining Up, an Old Tree Coiling Its Roots and Twisting the Rice Seedlings.
Yingfeng (Facing the Wind)
The sound class includes such pieces as Carp Drifting on the Shallows and Wild Geese Flapping Their Wings; the spirit class includes The Little Spinning Wheel and Celebrating the New Year; and the meaning class includes Four Seasons of Prosperity and Guanyin Seated on a Lotus. Besides these there are dozens of representative traditional pieces, including Anqing, Facing the Wind, the Mynah Bathing, the Bush Warbler on the Branch, Two Dragons Emerging from the Cave, Swallows Lining Up, an Old Tree Coiling Its Roots and Twisting the Rice Seedlings.
Bage Xizao (The Mynah Bathing)
The sound class includes such pieces as Carp Drifting on the Shallows and Wild Geese Flapping Their Wings; the spirit class includes The Little Spinning Wheel and Celebrating the New Year; and the meaning class includes Four Seasons of Prosperity and Guanyin Seated on a Lotus. Besides these there are dozens of representative traditional pieces, including Anqing, Facing the Wind, the Mynah Bathing, the Bush Warbler on the Branch, Two Dragons Emerging from the Cave, Swallows Lining Up, an Old Tree Coiling Its Roots and Twisting the Rice Seedlings.
Huamei Tiaogan (The Bush Warbler on the Branch)
The sound class includes such pieces as Carp Drifting on the Shallows and Wild Geese Flapping Their Wings; the spirit class includes The Little Spinning Wheel and Celebrating the New Year; and the meaning class includes Four Seasons of Prosperity and Guanyin Seated on a Lotus. Besides these there are dozens of representative traditional pieces, including Anqing, Facing the Wind, the Mynah Bathing, the Bush Warbler on the Branch, Two Dragons Emerging from the Cave, Swallows Lining Up, an Old Tree Coiling Its Roots and Twisting the Rice Seedlings.
Shuanglong Chudong (Two Dragons Emerging from the Cave)
The sound class includes such pieces as Carp Drifting on the Shallows and Wild Geese Flapping Their Wings; the spirit class includes The Little Spinning Wheel and Celebrating the New Year; and the meaning class includes Four Seasons of Prosperity and Guanyin Seated on a Lotus. Besides these there are dozens of representative traditional pieces, including Anqing, Facing the Wind, the Mynah Bathing, the Bush Warbler on the Branch, Two Dragons Emerging from the Cave, Swallows Lining Up, an Old Tree Coiling Its Roots and Twisting the Rice Seedlings.
Yanpaichi (Swallows Lining Up)
The sound class includes such pieces as Carp Drifting on the Shallows and Wild Geese Flapping Their Wings; the spirit class includes The Little Spinning Wheel and Celebrating the New Year; and the meaning class includes Four Seasons of Prosperity and Guanyin Seated on a Lotus. Besides these there are dozens of representative traditional pieces, including Anqing, Facing the Wind, the Mynah Bathing, the Bush Warbler on the Branch, Two Dragons Emerging from the Cave, Swallows Lining Up, an Old Tree Coiling Its Roots and Twisting the Rice Seedlings.
Gushu Pangen (An Old Tree Coiling Its Roots)
The sound class includes such pieces as Carp Drifting on the Shallows and Wild Geese Flapping Their Wings; the spirit class includes The Little Spinning Wheel and Celebrating the New Year; and the meaning class includes Four Seasons of Prosperity and Guanyin Seated on a Lotus. Besides these there are dozens of representative traditional pieces, including Anqing, Facing the Wind, the Mynah Bathing, the Bush Warbler on the Branch, Two Dragons Emerging from the Cave, Swallows Lining Up, an Old Tree Coiling Its Roots and Twisting the Rice Seedlings.
Niu Chayang (Twisting the Rice Seedlings)
The sound class includes such pieces as Carp Drifting on the Shallows and Wild Geese Flapping Their Wings; the spirit class includes The Little Spinning Wheel and Celebrating the New Year; and the meaning class includes Four Seasons of Prosperity and Guanyin Seated on a Lotus. Besides these there are dozens of representative traditional pieces, including Anqing, Facing the Wind, the Mynah Bathing, the Bush Warbler on the Branch, Two Dragons Emerging from the Cave, Swallows Lining Up, an Old Tree Coiling Its Roots and Twisting the Rice Seedlings.
03 · Regional Records & Related Items
The Tujia daliuzi is distributed mainly in Yongshun, Longshan, Baojing and Guzhang — the four counties where the Tujia live in the Youshui river basin of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture — a total of 68 townships.
Other submitting regions for the same item: Tujia Daliuzi Percussion · Tujia Daliuzi Percussion.
04 · Cultural Value & Contemporary Safeguarding
It not only provides material of real importance for research in ethnology and sociology, but also serves as one of the most precious indigenous cultural specimens for the study of timbre and melody in musicology. Luo Shibi (per the official record of the associated inheritor): A man of the Han nationality, born in 1931 in Yongshun, Hunan. Representative inheritor of Tujia daliuzi for the second national-level batch of intangible cultural heritage. In 1957 Luo Shibi won second prize for an outstanding programme at the provincial rural art exchange performance, and in 1959 he went to Beijing for the second national folk music and dance exchange performance, where his programme was named outstanding; his representative pieces include The General's Order and Anqing. Tian Longxin (per the official record of the associated inheritor): A man of the Tujia nationality, born in 1941 in Longshan, Hunan. He early on learned Tujia daliuzi with a local music band, then served as an instrumentalist and worked on musical composition in the county art performance troupe; after 1984 he held posts in the county cultural centre and the county CPPCC, and was formerly vice-chairman of the county CPPCC. Over the years Tian Longxin has collected and sorted 3.8 million characters of material on ethnic art, was awarded the title of Outstanding Representative Inheritor of Chinese Folk Culture, and has been included in more than twenty reference works such as the Biographies of Chinese Folk Celebrities, the Dictionary of Chinese Minority Arts and the International Who's Who; his representative pieces include The Golden Pheasant Leaves the Mountain and The Festival of Bizika. Representative inheritor of Tujia daliuzi for the second national-level batch of intangible cultural heritage. After retirement he has served as director of the expert committee of the Ethnic Folk Culture Protection Project of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture and in other posts; he has won prizes many times in international and domestic competitions and has taught Tujia daliuzi technique at several Chinese art academies.
05 · Associated Representative Bearers
Representative bearers recorded under this item, organized by national nomination batch:
- Luo Shibi 02-0299
- Tian Longxin 02-0300
- Jian Boyuan 03-0846
- Yang Wenming 05-2081
- Wang Defang
06 · Authoritative Sources & Bibliography
Sources
China Intangible Cultural Heritage Network (ihchina.cn)
This static English edition is rendered at the edge for search engines, AI crawlers and readers without JavaScript; it mirrors the bilingual dossier. 阅读中文版，或返回 英文名录。