非遗术语百科

Glossary

从一个词,理解一项实践

可以通过分类筛选比较相关概念。“法定·官方表述”标识对应本数据集中的官方术语条目,其余为解释性内容。结合“认识非遗”中的定义、名录与保护方式,能更完整地理解这些术语。

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基础概念法定·官方表述

非物质文化遗产

Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH)

各族人民世代相传并视为其文化遗产组成部分的各种传统文化表现形式,以及与传统文化表现形式相关的实物和场所。简称“非遗”。

英文释义 · English

The various forms of traditional cultural expression handed down from generation to generation and regarded as part of one's cultural heritage, together with the objects and places associated with them. Abbreviated as ICH.

基础概念

物质文化遗产

Tangible Cultural Heritage

具有历史、艺术、科学价值的文物、建筑群和遗址等有形文化遗产,与非物质文化遗产相互依存。

英文释义 · English

Physical cultural heritage such as cultural relics, architectural complexes and sites of historical, artistic or scientific value; it is interdependent with intangible cultural heritage.

基础概念

文化空间

Cultural Space

集中开展传统文化活动的场所或时段,如庙会、歌会、集市等,中国在《公约》基础上衍生出这一类别,是文化生态保护区理念的学理基础。

英文释义 · English

Places or periods in which traditional cultural activities are concentrated, such as temple fairs, song gatherings and markets. China derived this category from the Convention; it is the theoretical basis of the cultural ecology protection zone concept.

保护制度

文化生态保护区

Cultural Ecology Protection Zone

以保护非物质文化遗产为核心,对历史文化积淀丰厚、存续状态良好、具有重要价值和鲜明特色的文化形态进行整体性保护,经文化和旅游部同意设立的特定区域。分国家级、省级两级。

英文释义 · English

A designated area approved by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism that safeguards cultural forms of rich historical accumulation, sound viability, significant value and distinctive character in an integrated manner, with ICH at its core. Established at national and provincial levels.

保护制度

代表性项目名录

Representative Projects Inventory

对体现中华民族优秀传统文化、具有重大历史文学艺术科学价值的非遗项目予以确认并列入名录予以保护的制度,由国务院建立国家级名录。

英文释义 · English

A system under which ICH elements embodying China's finest traditional culture and of major historical, literary, artistic or scientific value are recognized and listed for safeguarding; the State Council establishes the national list.

保护制度

四级名录体系

Four-tier Inventory System

国家、省、市、县四级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录体系,是我国非遗保护的基础性制度安排。

英文释义 · English

The four-tier system of representative ICH project inventories at national, provincial, municipal and county levels — the foundational institutional arrangement of ICH safeguarding in China.

保护制度

代表性传承人

Representative Bearer (Inheritor)

长期从事某项非遗传承实践、熟练掌握其核心技艺、在一定区域内具有代表性并积极开展传承活动的人。国家级代表性传承人由文化和旅游部认定,一般每五年开展一批。

英文释义 · English

A person who has long practised a form of ICH, commands its core skills, is representative within a given area and actively carries out transmission. National-level representative bearers are recognized by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, generally in batches every five years.

保护理念

传承

Transmission

通过社会教育和学校教育等途径,使非遗后继有人,能够继续作为活的文化传统在相关社区尤其是青少年当中得到继承和发扬。

英文释义 · English

Ensuring successors through social and school education so that ICH can continue to be inherited and developed as a living tradition within the relevant communities, especially among young people.

保护理念

活态传承

Living Transmission

非遗在日常生活与生产实践中被持续实践而非静态保存的传承状态,强调“见人见物见生活”。

英文释义 · English

A state of transmission in which ICH is continuously practised in daily and productive life rather than preserved statically, emphasizing that one should 'see the people, see the objects, see the life'.

保护理念

口传心授

Oral Instruction and Intuitive Understanding

非遗以口头讲述、以身示范、师徒相承为主要方式的传承特点。

英文释义 · English

The characteristic mode of ICH transmission through spoken explanation, demonstration and apprenticeship.

保护方式

抢救性保护

Rescue Safeguarding

对一些生存环境恶化、面临消亡的非物质文化遗产项目及时采取记录、建档、影像留存等措施的保护方式,是非遗保护的基本方式之一。

英文释义 · English

Timely recording, archiving and audio-visual documentation for elements whose environment is deteriorating or which face extinction; one of the basic approaches to ICH safeguarding.

保护方式

整体性保护

Integrated Safeguarding

将非遗置于完整的文化生态中进行保护的一种理念,强调非遗与周围环境的关系、传承人在生活中的状态,是一种立体的保护模式。

英文释义 · English

An approach that safeguards ICH within its complete cultural ecology, emphasizing the relationship between ICH and its surroundings and the living conditions of bearers — a three-dimensional safeguarding model.

保护方式

生产性保护

Productive Safeguarding

在具有生产性质的实践过程中,以保持非遗的真实性、整体性和传承性为核心,以有效传承技艺为前提,借助生产、流通、销售等手段,将非遗及其资源转化为文化产品的保护方式。

英文释义 · English

Safeguarding through production-oriented practice: preserving authenticity, integrity and transmission while converting ICH and its resources into cultural products through production, distribution and sales.

保护方式

数字化保护

Digital Safeguarding

运用文字、录音、录像、数字化多媒体等手段对保护对象进行真实、全面、系统的记录,并借助数据库、知识图谱、虚拟展示等技术实现长期保存与共享。

英文释义 · English

Authentic, comprehensive and systematic documentation through text, audio, video and digital multimedia, with long-term preservation and sharing enabled by databases, knowledge graphs and virtual exhibitions.

保护实践

非遗工坊

ICH Workshop

依托非遗代表性项目或传统手工艺,由非遗传承人、手工艺人或相关企业设立,带动当地群众就近就业、助力乡村振兴的生产经营场所。截至2025年底全国已建设超过1.49万家。

英文释义 · English

Production and business premises established by ICH bearers, artisans or related enterprises on the basis of representative ICH projects or traditional crafts, providing local employment and supporting rural revitalisation. By the end of 2025 more than 14,900 had been established nationwide.

保护实践

传承人群研修研习培训计划

Training Programme for ICH Bearers

自2015年起实施的非遗传承人研修培训计划,已完成“十三五”培训传承人群10万人次的目标任务。

英文释义 · English

An ICH bearer training programme running since 2015, which met its 13th Five-Year Plan target of training 100,000 practitioners.

保护实践

文化和自然遗产日

Cultural and Natural Heritage Day

每年6月的第二个星期六,全国集中开展文化遗产宣传展示活动,是非遗传播的重要节点。

英文释义 · English

The second Saturday of June each year, when heritage publicity and exhibition activities are held nationwide; an important occasion for ICH communication.

技术规范

项目编号

Project Code

国家级非遗代表性项目的专属编号,罗马数字代表所属门类(Ⅰ至Ⅹ),后接序号,如“Ⅱ-28”为传统音乐类第28项侗族大歌。

英文释义 · English

A unique code for each national representative ICH project: a Roman numeral indicates the category (Ⅰ–Ⅹ) followed by a serial number, e.g. 'Ⅱ-28' denotes the Dong Grand Song, the 28th item in Traditional Music.

技术规范

新增项目

Newly Added Item

在当批名录中首次列入的项目,与“扩展项目”相对。五批国家级名录共含新增项目2278个(按子项统计)。

英文释义 · English

An item listed for the first time in a given batch, as opposed to an extension item. The five national batches contain 2,278 newly added sub-items in total.

技术规范

扩展项目

Extension Item

在既有项目基础上新增申报地区或单位、丰富其内容与流派的项目。五批国家级名录共含扩展项目1332个(按子项统计)。

英文释义 · English

An item that adds new submitting regions or units to an existing project, enriching its content and schools. The five national batches contain 1,332 extension sub-items in total.

技术规范

保护单位

Safeguarding Unit

具体承担国家级非遗项目保护与传承工作的机构,需具备代表性传承人或相对完整的资料、实施保护计划的能力以及开展传承展示活动的场所和条件。

英文释义 · English

The institution that concretely undertakes the safeguarding and transmission of a national-level ICH project; it must have representative bearers or relatively complete documentation, the capacity to implement a safeguarding plan, and premises for transmission and exhibition.

国际名录

人类口头和非物质遗产代表作

Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity

联合国教科文组织在《公约》生效前于2001、2003、2005年分三批公布的90个遗产项目,2008年全部纳入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录,我国的昆曲、古琴艺术、新疆维吾尔木卡姆艺术和蒙古族长调民歌位列其中。

英文释义 · English

The 90 heritage elements proclaimed by UNESCO in three rounds in 2001, 2003 and 2005 before the Convention entered into force; all were incorporated into the Representative List in 2008. China's contributions include Kun Qu opera, guqin art, Uyghur Muqam and Mongolian long song.

国际名录

急需保护的非物质文化遗产名录

List of ICH in Need of Urgent Safeguarding

联合国教科文组织为存续受到威胁、急需保护措施的遗产项目设立的名录。中国现有3项列入,另有4项已成功转入代表作名录。

英文释义 · English

A UNESCO list for heritage elements whose viability is at risk and which require urgent measures. China currently has 3 elements on the list, while 4 others have been successfully transferred to the Representative List.

国际名录

优秀保护实践名册

Register of Good Safeguarding Practices

联合国教科文组织遴选并宣传最能体现《公约》原则和目标的国家、次区域或区域保护计划、项目和活动的名册。我国有2项入选。

英文释义 · English

A UNESCO register that selects and promotes national, sub-regional or regional programmes, projects and activities best reflecting the principles and objectives of the Convention. China has 2 entries.

保护理念

创造性转化与创新性发展

Creative Transformation and Innovative Development

在保持非遗核心技艺与文化内涵的前提下,通过设计、科技、市场等手段推动其融入现代生活,实现“古朴又时尚”的当代呈现。

英文释义 · English

Advancing ICH into modern life through design, technology and markets while preserving core skills and cultural meaning, achieving a contemporary expression that is at once 'ancient and fashionable'.