Pingju Opera
01 · Historical Records
Liaoning is a principal area of Pingju's popularity, and Jin Kaifang was one of the founders of Chinese Pingju. In 1915 he took part in the first Pingju troupe, the Jingshi Xishe, founded by Cheng Zhaocai and others. In 1919 he took part in the creation of the Pingju play Yang Sanjie Gao Zhuang and premiered the role of Yang Sanjie, successfully setting off a revolution in Pingju modern drama. In 1948 he went with the North-East Literary Association to Shenyang to take over the “Daguan Tea Garden” and founded New China's first state-run troupe, the Tangshan (Shenyang) Pingju Theatre, as its deputy director. After 1956 he devoted himself to opera education as vice-principal and then honorary principal of the Liaoning Provincial Drama School. Through the difficult course of founding Chinese Pingju, Jin Kaifang lived through the genre's creation, development, growth and prosperity, and is a typical example among the founders of one who left surviving performances, vocal music and many transmitters. Drawing on the Liaoning volume of the Annals of Chinese Xiqu and related research, Pingju entered the north-east in the early twentieth century and, combining with north-eastern speech and folk music, formed such schools as “Fengtian luozi”; Jin Kaifang left surviving plays and vocal music and is a pivotal figure among the founders.
02 · Core Techniques & Process
Afterwards he starred in nearly a hundred pieces, more than forty of them premieres. Jin Kaifang's performance centres on the huadan role: his “gada tune” is leaping in its phrasing, his “clever clapper” nimble in rhythm and his “lip technique” brisk in recitation, and he made good use of north-eastern pronunciation to strengthen the flavour of life, forming a model of early Pingju huadan performance.
Yang Sanjie Gao Zhuang (Yang Sanjie's Suit)
A representative early Pingju modern play; Jin Kaifang took part in its creation and premiered the role of Yang Sanjie, driving a revolution in Pingju modern drama.
Hua Wei Mei (The Flower as Matchmaker)
A celebrated traditional Pingju play created by Cheng Zhaocai and other early artists, a representative huadan piece of the genre.
Ma Guafu Kai Dian (The Widow Ma Opens an Inn)
An early traditional Pingju play, common in the repertory of troupes during the genre's formative period.
03 · Regional Records & Related Items
Liaoning is a principal area of Pingju's popularity, and troupes such as the Shenyang Pingju Theatre hold an important place in the development of north-eastern Pingju; Jin Kaifang went with the North-East Literary Association to Shenyang to take over the “Daguan Tea Garden” and founded New China's first state-run Pingju troupe, laying the foundation for north-eastern Pingju. The Art School attached to Shenyang Normal University in Liaoning is devoted to the study of Jin Kaifang's performing art.
Other submitting regions for the same item: Pingju Opera · Pingju Opera · Pingju Opera · Pingju Opera · Pingju Opera · Pingju Opera · Pingju Opera.
04 · Cultural Value & Contemporary Safeguarding
He was devoted to his profession and diligent in his work, creating in his career the novel “gada tune”, the lifelike “clever clapper”, the neat “lip technique” and the strongly flavoured “local accent”, with a distinctive performing art of his own; hailed as the first huadan and patriarch of Pingju, he accumulated precious wealth for the art, possessing historical, cultural, appreciative, research, transmission and innovative value and exerting a positive and far-reaching social influence in displaying fine national culture and developing and prospering Pingju's future. The Art School attached to Shenyang Normal University in Liaoning is devoted to the study of Jin Kaifang's performing art and is an important base for Pingju transmission. The skills Jin Kaifang created, such as the “gada tune”, the “clever clapper” and the “lip technique”, are an important legacy of Pingju huadan performance and of unique value for studying the genre's early forms; the school takes as its mission the study of his performing art and the training of Pingju talent.
05 · Associated Representative Bearers
Representative bearers recorded under this item, organized by national nomination batch:
- Liu Xiurong 02-0558
- Hong Ying 02-0559
- Feng Yuping 02-0560
- Xiaojunting 02-0561
- Zhou Dan 03-1035
- Liu Ping 03-1036
- Gu Wenyue 03-1037
- Chen Peihua 03-1038
- Zhang Junling 04-1640
- Yuan Shumei 04-1641
- Lihongxia 04-1642
- Cengzhaojuan 05-2357
- Wang Guanli 05-2358
- Luo Huiqin 05-2359
- Wang Xiangyang 05-2360
- Ma Huimin
- Li Weiquan
06 · Authoritative Sources & Bibliography
Sources
China Intangible Cultural Heritage Network (ihchina.cn)
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