Daoqing Opera
01 · Historical Records
Hongtong daoqing arose in the Ming, and from the Xianfeng reign of the Qing there are detailed records of its troupes. In 1960 Hongtong county established a Youth Daoqing Troupe, which was disbanded in 1970; in the meantime it took part in the Second Shanxi Provincial Drama Festival and the Shanxi modern-opera festival. In 1991 the authorities organised a specialised daoqing training class, and in 2000 the Hongtong county cultural centre formed a performance team to rescue and restore the genre. Drawing on the Shanxi volume of the Annals of Chinese Xiqu and Hongtong local materials, it formed on the basis of Ming daoist-song narrative-singing, with detailed troupe records from the Xianfeng reign; the 1960 troupe, 1991 training class and 2000 performance team progressively rescued and restored it, and it is sung in the Hongtong dialect, mostly in regular up-and-down lines.
02 · Core Techniques & Process
Its singing fuses fachu daoqing with folk ballads, fully embodying the idea that “what the three teachings sing differs in what each esteems: the Daoists sing of feeling, the Buddhists of nature, the Confucians of rites”. Its tunes fall into three classes—guandiao, pingdiao and gaodiao—and its main plays include Tianxian Pei and Longhu Shan. Hongtong daoqing fuses fachu daoqing with folk ballads, its tunes divided into guandiao, pingdiao and gaodiao, its singing stressing the lyrical “Daoists sing of feeling”, its accompaniment distinguished by such daoqing instruments as the yugu drum and jianban clappers, and its roles mainly sheng, dan and chou.
Tianxian Pei (The Fairy Couple)
One of the main plays of Hongtong daoqing, whose tunes are divided into guandiao, pingdiao and gaodiao.
Longhu Shan (Dragon-Tiger Mountain)
One of the main plays of Hongtong daoqing.
03 · Regional Records & Related Items
Hongtong daoqing is a folk operatic genre popular in the Hongtong area of Shanxi and, with northern Shanxi and northern Shaanxi daoqing, belongs to the daoqing vocal family; differences of dialect and lineage give the various daoqing schools their own names for tunes and ways of singing, with the Hongtong county cultural centre as the project's protection body.
Other submitting regions for the same item: Daoqing Opera · Daoqing Opera · Daoqing Opera · Daoqing Opera · Daoqing Opera · Daoqing Opera · Daoqing Opera · Daoqing Opera.
04 · Cultural Value & Contemporary Safeguarding
Hongtong daoqing bears clear marks of Daoist culture and folk music, and its classification of guandiao, pingdiao and gaodiao together with the lyrical tradition of fachu daoqing offers an example for studying the daoqing family and the secularisation of religious music; its tune names and ways of singing retain clues to the early forms of daoqing, and its yugu and jianban accompaniment together with the lyrical tradition of fachu daoqing constitute important material for studying the relation between southern Shanxi folk opera and Daoist music; the locality sustains the genre through training classes, a performance team and recording and collation.
05 · Associated Representative Bearers
Representative bearers recorded under this item, organized by national nomination batch:
- Zhang Ruifeng 02-0605
- Ren Linlin 02-0606
- Zhu Ximei 02-0607
- Huang Fenglan 04-1652
- Liu Haozhi 04-1653
- Wu Cuihua 05-2384
- Lei Tongxia 05-2385
- Bianxiao 05-2386
- Ji Xianglin
- Fan Yu
- Dou Fengxia
06 · Authoritative Sources & Bibliography
Sources
China Intangible Cultural Heritage Network (ihchina.cn)
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