Daoqing Opera
01 · Historical Records
Shangluo daoqing opera was formed in Shang county, Luonan and elsewhere from the moral-song tunes sung by Daoist priests in Tang-dynasty temples, spread among the people and combined with local culture, and is widely popular in the counties and districts under Shangluo city—Shang county (now Shangzhou district), Luonan, Danfeng, Shanyang, Zhen'an and Zhashui—in towns and villages. Drawing on the Shaanxi volume of the Annals of Chinese Xiqu, it was formed from Tang temple narrative-singing spread among the people and combined with the dialect and folk songs of the Shang county and Luonan area, and in the 1950s the Shangluo regional troupe collated and performed such plays as Yi Wen Qian, advancing the genre's standardisation and circulation.
02 · Core Techniques & Process
Its singing belongs to the banqiang form and its lyrics are mostly regular seven- or ten-character lines; it is a principal entertainment of the mountain people, reflecting the daily life of ordinary working people, with a vast repertory—hand-copied and orally transmitted versions numbering several hundred—such as the widely popular Yi Wen Qian, Shanhua Guniang, Hong Shijiang, Shuang Xia Shan and Nongjia Xifu. It is easy to learn and sing, and its artists and good singers compose stories at any time to sing, so its repertory grows even richer. Its singing belongs to the banqiang form with mostly regular seven- and ten-character lines, its tunes absorbing elements of Qinqiang and Meihu on a daoqing narrative-singing basis to form a fairly complete ban system; actors often play across role types, and its hand-copied and orally transmitted plays number in the hundreds.
Yi Wen Qian (One Coin)
A widely popular play of Shangluo daoqing opera, also made into a film version.
Shanhua Guniang (The Mountain-Flower Girl)
A widely popular play of Shangluo daoqing opera.
Hong Shijiang (The Red Stonemason)
A widely popular play of Shangluo daoqing opera.
Shuang Xia Shan (Two Descend the Mountain)
A widely popular play of Shangluo daoqing opera.
Nongjia Xifu (The Farmer's Daughter-in-Law)
A widely popular play of Shangluo daoqing opera whose music won a Shaanxi provincial prize.
03 · Regional Records & Related Items
Shangluo daoqing opera is popular in the towns and villages of Shangzhou, Luonan, Danfeng, Shanyang, Zhen'an and Zhashui and is one of the principal operatic forms of the southern Shaanxi mountains; sharing an origin with Guanzhong daoqing and northern Shaanxi daoqing, it has its own local features.
Other submitting regions for the same item: Daoqing Opera · Daoqing Opera · Daoqing Opera · Daoqing Opera · Daoqing Opera · Daoqing Opera · Daoqing Opera · Daoqing Opera.
04 · Cultural Value & Contemporary Safeguarding
Liu Haozhi (as recorded in the official dossier of an associated inheritor): male, Han, born in May 1936 in Shang county, Shaanxi. He entered the Shangluo regional troupe in 1950, transferred to the Danfeng county troupe as deputy head in 1972, and became head of the Shang county troupe in 1980; in 1983 he returned to the Shangluo city troupe and worked there until retirement. He devoted himself to the composition and theoretical study of Shangluo daoqing music, developing its originally simple, single up-and-down-line ban form into a genre with relatively complete ban patterns, a fairly full set of roles and distinctive singing. He composed for the film version of Yi Wen Qian and for such adapted plays as Honghu Chiweidui, The Red Detachment of Women and Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, and is a representative inheritor of daoqing opera (Shangluo daoqing opera) in the fourth batch of national intangible cultural heritage projects. The music he composed for Shangluo daoqing Nongjia Xifu won second prize for music at the Shaanxi young actors' modern short-opera festival. Through such plays as Yi Wen Qian, Shanhua Guniang, Hong Shijiang, Shuang Xia Shan and Nongjia Xifu, Shangluo daoqing opera reflects the life of ordinary people, its hand-copied and orally transmitted plays providing precious material for local opera research; the Shangluo Local Opera Research Institute sustains the genre through composition, revivals and talent training.
05 · Associated Representative Bearers
Representative bearers recorded under this item, organized by national nomination batch:
- Zhang Ruifeng 02-0605
- Ren Linlin 02-0606
- Zhu Ximei 02-0607
- Huang Fenglan 04-1652
- Liu Haozhi 04-1653
- Wu Cuihua 05-2384
- Lei Tongxia 05-2385
- Bianxiao 05-2386
- Ji Xianglin
- Fan Yu
- Dou Fengxia
06 · Authoritative Sources & Bibliography
Sources
China Intangible Cultural Heritage Network (ihchina.cn)
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