TCM Bone-setting Therapy
01 · Historical Records
The Zhang family traditional Chinese medicine orthopedics was founded by Zhang Yongji (1788-1862), and has a history of more than one hundred and seventy years to the present day.
02 · Core Techniques & Process
The Zhang family bone-injury therapy of Chinese medicine was founded by Zhang Yongji of Fuyang, Zhejiang during the Daoguang reign of the Qing dynasty; it is characterized by manipulative repositioning, external fixation with fir-bark splints, and treatment with the Hundred-Herbs Injury Plaster. By the time of the fourth-generation heir Zhang Shaofu (1922-1992) and the fifth-generation heir Zhang Yuzhu (1948-), the Zhang family bone-injury therapy of Chinese medicine had gradually formed a bone-injury diagnosis and treatment system characterized by "holistic pattern differentiation, manipulative repositioning, fir-bark fixation, combined internal and external treatment, equal attention to sinews and bones, integration of movement and stillness, and functional exercise"; its bone-setting manipulations are distinctive, its characteristics of Chinese medicine are pronounced, treatment costs have been greatly reduced, and its social benefits are remarkable. The Zhang lineage was founded during the Daoguang reign of the Qing dynasty by Zhang Yongji (1788-1862) of Fuyang and has been transmitted for more than one hundred and seventy years to the present day. Its three foundational skills are: repositioning broken bones with bare-hand manipulation, external fixation with splints cut from fir bark, and external application of the Hundred-Herbs Injury Plaster as an adjunct; if any one of the three is missing, the therapeutic effect is diminished. In the hands of the fourth-generation heir Zhang Shaofu (1922-1992) and the fifth-generation heir Zhang Yuzhu (1948-), the seven elements — holistic pattern differentiation, manipulative repositioning, fir-bark fixation, combined internal and external treatment, equal attention to sinews and bones, integration of movement and stillness, and functional exercise — were finally integrated into a whole; the bone-setting manipulations are distinctive, treatment costs have been greatly reduced, and the social benefits are remarkable.
Fir-bark splinting
Fir bark from local hills is trimmed to shape and adjusted as swelling changes, both its signature and its limitation.
The seven-part programme
Seven components from differentiation to exercise, with active early movement under the splints essential.
Teaching through apprentices
Two consecutive inheritors, both recognised provincial physicians, passed the craft on through apprentices.
Written records of reduction and fixation
Two manuals record reduction and external fixation, turning unwritten skill into teachable steps.
03 · Regional Records & Related Items
However, the essentials of its treatment, such as manipulative bone-setting technique, cannot be fully mastered without three to five years of study; the application of fir-bark splints is affected by the growth and distribution of fir trees, giving it certain regional limitations and a degree of unsustainability; all of this urgently needs state support and protection. The Zhang family bone-injury tradition is a local school of the Jiangnan region, beyond the northern Shandong lineage and beyond the Yangtze Delta lineage; its distribution is centered on Fuyang City, Zhejiang Province, spreading to surrounding counties and cities. However, the essentials of its treatment, such as manipulative bone-setting technique, cannot be fully mastered without three to five years of study; the application of fir-bark splints is affected by the growth and distribution of fir trees, giving it certain regional limitations and a degree of unsustainability; all of this urgently needs state support and protection.
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04 · Cultural Value & Contemporary Safeguarding
Zhang Shaofu once served as a famous veteran doctor of traditional Chinese medicine of Zhejiang Province and a visiting researcher at the Institute of Orthopedics of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Zhang Yuzhu, chief physician of traditional Chinese medicine, is an academic inheritance instructor of the fourth batch of national veteran experts of traditional Chinese medicine and a famous doctor of traditional Chinese medicine of Zhejiang Province. Through the form of "master leading the apprentice", they trained a group of disciples, enabling the Zhang family bone-injury therapy of Chinese medicine to be transmitted and developed. Zhang Yuzhu (recorded in the official file of the associated inheritor): male, of the Han ethnic group, born in December 1947, from Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province. He serves as lifelong honorary president of the Hangzhou Fuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Bone Injuries, an academic experience inheritance instructor of national veteran experts of traditional Chinese medicine under the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and a deputy to the Tenth and Eleventh Zhejiang Provincial People's Congresses. He is a representative inheritor of the fourth national-level batch of the intangible cultural heritage project "Traditional Chinese Medicine Bone-Setting Therapy (Zhang Family Bone-Injury Therapy)". He served as chief editor of Zhang Family Bone-Injury Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques and Zhang Family Bone-Setting Repositioning and External Fixation Techniques, and trained a large number of talented people. He has been named a famous doctor of traditional Chinese medicine of Zhejiang Province, an outstanding Communist Party member of Zhejiang Province, and a model worker of Hangzhou City.
05 · Associated Representative Bearers
Representative bearers recorded under this item, organized by national nomination batch:
- Guo Weihuai 01-0212
- Sun Shuchun 01-0213
- Shi Qi 01-0214
- Liu Gang 03-1446
- Luo Jindian 03-1447
- Shi Yangshan 03-1448
- Guo Yanjin 03-1449
- Wu Chengmou 04-1945
- Zhang Yuzhu 04-1946
- Luo Sulan 05-2951
- Su Jicheng 05-2952
- Shi Yinyu 05-2953
- Zhang Yanyou 05-2954
- Guo Yanxing 05-2955
- Liao Huaizhang 05-2956
- Li Feiyue
- Zhan Hongsheng
- Lin Zishun
- Zhu Liguo
- Li Tao
- Zhang Yunzhi
- Guo Jiayi
- Zhu Huaiyu
- Xu Zesan
- Zhu Long
06 · Authoritative Sources & Bibliography
Sources
China Intangible Cultural Heritage Network (ihchina.cn)
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